C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze
Introduction to C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze
C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze is a high-performance copper alloy composed primarily of copper, with significant additions of tin and lead. The alloy's excellent combination of strength, wear resistance, and machinability makes it ideal for use in applications requiring high mechanical properties and durability. C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze is particularly well-suited for parts that experience heavy wear and high friction, offering superior machinability compared to other bronze alloys. Its unique properties make it a popular choice for marine, automotive, and industrial machinery industries. For precision machining, the C92200 offers outstanding performance in demanding applications.
This alloy is commonly used for CNC machined parts that require enhanced wear resistance and ease of fabrication, such as bushings, bearings, and gears. With excellent anti-seizing properties due to its lead content, C92200 ensures smooth operation in environments subject to high pressure and mechanical stress.
Chemical, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze
Chemical Composition (Typical)
Element | Composition Range (wt.%) | Key Role |
|---|---|---|
Copper (Cu) | 80.0–85.0% | Provides strength, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance |
Tin (Sn) | 5.0–6.5% | Enhances strength, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance |
Lead (Pb) | 3.5–4.5% | Improves machinability and lubricity during operation |
Zinc (Zn) | 1.0–2.0% | Improves hardness and mechanical strength |
Iron (Fe) | ≤1.0% | Improves strength and wear resistance |
Physical Properties
Property | Value (Typical) | Test Standard/Condition |
|---|---|---|
Density | 8.8 g/cm³ | ASTM B311 |
Melting Point | 900–960°C | ASTM E29 |
Thermal Conductivity | 110 W/m·K at 20°C | ASTM E1952 |
Electrical Conductivity | 18% IACS at 20°C | ASTM B193 |
Coefficient of Expansion | 19 µm/m·°C | ASTM E228 |
Specific Heat Capacity | 380 J/kg·K | ASTM E1269 |
Elastic Modulus | 105 GPa | ASTM E111 |
Mechanical Properties (Annealed Temper)
Property | Value (Typical) | Test Standard |
|---|---|---|
Tensile Strength | 400–650 MPa | ASTM E8/E8M |
Yield Strength (0.2%) | 280–420 MPa | ASTM E8/E8M |
Elongation | 12–22% | ASTM E8/E8M |
Hardness | 90–120 HB | ASTM E10 |
Fatigue Strength | ~250 MPa | ASTM E466 |
Impact Resistance | Good | ASTM E23 |
Key Characteristics of C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze
Superior Wear Resistance
C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze is renowned for its outstanding wear resistance, especially under high-friction conditions. Adding tin and lead to the alloy enhances its ability to withstand heavy wear while maintaining its structural integrity. This makes it ideal for parts such as bushings, bearings, and gears that are subject to constant mechanical stress.
Excellent Machinability
Due to its lead content, C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze has superior machinability compared to other bronze alloys. The lead helps reduce friction during machining, ensuring that the material is easy to cut, shape, and form. This property makes C92200 a preferred choice for precision CNC machining operations.
High Strength and Durability
C92200 offers high strength and durability, ensuring that parts made from this alloy can withstand the demands of high-pressure applications. This makes it suitable for critical components in automotive and industrial machinery, where both mechanical strength and longevity are essential.
Corrosion Resistance
C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in seawater and other challenging environments. This property and its wear resistance make it an ideal material for marine and offshore applications, where components are constantly exposed to harsh environmental conditions.
Non-Galling Properties
The lead content in C92200 ensures that it has excellent non-galling properties. This characteristic is particularly important in applications where parts are subjected to high pressure and continuous motion, as it helps prevent the material from seizing or binding with other components.
CNC Machining Challenges and Solutions for C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze
Machining Challenges
Chip Formation C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze tends to produce long chips during machining, which can clog the machining process and reduce efficiency.
Solution: Use chip breakers and adjust feed rates to minimize chip buildup. Applying air or coolant during machining can also help remove chips more efficiently.
Tool Wear Although C92200 is a relatively easy alloy to machine, its high strength can lead to tool wear, especially during high-speed machining.
Solution: Employ carbide or ceramic tools, which offer greater wear resistance and can handle higher cutting speeds without compromising tool life.
Surface Finish Achieving a smooth surface finish can be difficult, particularly due to the alloy’s tendency to form rough edges during cutting.
Solution: Use sharp, high-quality tools and apply proper lubrication to reduce friction and achieve smooth finishes. Adjusting cutting speeds can also help improve surface quality.
Work Hardening Like many copper alloys, C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze, may experience work hardening if too much pressure or speed is applied during machining.
Solution: Use moderate cutting speeds, sharp tools, and adequate coolant to prevent excessive heat buildup and reduce work-hardening risk.
Optimized Machining Strategies
Parameter | Recommendation | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
Tool Material | Carbide or ceramic tools | Carbide and ceramic tools provide superior wear resistance and are ideal for high-speed machining. |
Geometry | Positive rake, sharp edges | Helps improve chip flow and surface finish. |
Cutting Speed | 150–250 m/min | Reduces heat generation and prevents material deformation. |
Feed Rate | 0.10–0.20 mm/rev | Ensures smooth cutting and reduces burr formation. |
Coolant | Flood coolant or air blast | Reduces heat generation and enhances surface finish. |
C92200 Cutting Parameters (ISO 513 Compliance)
Operation | Speed (m/min) | Feed (mm/rev) | Depth of Cut (mm) | Coolant Pressure (bar) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Roughing | 150–200 | 0.15–0.20 | 2.0–3.5 | 25–35 |
Finishing | 200–250 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.5–1.0 | 30–50 |
Typical Machining Methods for C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze
Machining Process | Function and Benefit for C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze |
|---|---|
Ideal for high-speed, precision machining of components like bushings, bearings, and gears. | |
Suitable for creating slots, grooves, and complex shapes in components like gears and bushings. | |
Used for turning cylindrical parts such as valves, bushings, and mechanical components. | |
Ideal for creating precise holes for fasteners and other components. | |
Ensures precision internal machining for components like bearings and bushings. | |
Provides smooth finishes for parts exposed to wear and tear, such as shafts and gears. | |
Ideal for producing complex, multi-featured parts in aerospace, automotive, and industrial sectors. | |
Provides ultra-tight tolerances for high-performance components used in aerospace and medical devices. | |
Used for creating intricate features and fine details in parts such as electrical connectors and gears. |
Surface Treatment for C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze CNC Parts
Electroplating: Enhances corrosion resistance and provides a shiny finish for parts such as connectors and valves.
Polishing: Achieves a high-gloss finish for decorative parts and improves their functionality.
Brushing: Creates satin or matte finishes for parts exposed to frequent handling, such as mechanical components.
PVD Coating: Adds a durable coating that increases wear resistance and extends the life of mechanical components.
Passivation: Improves corrosion resistance, especially for parts exposed to aggressive chemicals.
Powder Coating: Provides a thick, protective finish ideal for parts exposed to UV light and harsh conditions.
Teflon Coating: Adds non-stick and chemical-resistant properties, ideal for mechanical applications.
Chrome Plating: Provides a glossy, durable coating that resists corrosion and enhances the appearance of components.
Industry Applications of C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze
Aerospace Industry: Used for manufacturing components such as bushings, bearings, and connectors in the aerospace sector.
Automotive Industry: Commonly used in automotive applications such as gears, bearings, and transmission components that require high strength and wear resistance.
Marine Industry: Ideal for marine hardware like propellers, valves, and seawater components due to its corrosion resistance.
Industrial Equipment: Used in machinery parts like bushings and bearings, where high wear resistance is crucial.
FAQs
What industries benefit most from CNC machining C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze?
How does C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze perform in high-friction applications?
What machining strategies are recommended for achieving a smooth C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze finish?
How does the lead content in C92200 impact its machinability and non-galling properties?
What are the best surface treatments for enhancing the corrosion resistance of C92200 Leaded Tin Bronze?
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