Copper C110 (TU0)

Copper C110 (TU0) is a high-conductivity copper alloy ideal for CNC machining applications that require efficient electrical performance, superior thermal conductivity, and long-lasting durability.

Introduction to Copper C110 (TU0)

Copper C110 (TU0) is a high-purity copper alloy, commonly known as electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copper, with a purity level of 99.9% or higher. This alloy is renowned for its excellent electrical conductivity, superior thermal conductivity, and good corrosion resistance. The TU0 designation indicates that the material is in its "unstrained" form, ideal for various applications requiring high-quality, conductive copper.

Copper C110 (TU0) is widely used in the manufacturing of electrical components such as wires, busbars, connectors, and other parts where high conductivity and reliable performance are essential. It is particularly favored for applications requiring efficient heat transfer and electrical current conduction, making it an excellent choice for power distribution, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Due to its desirable properties, Copper C110 (TU0) is often selected for CNC Machining Service and used in producing CNC Machined Copper Parts for various applications.

Chemical, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of Copper C110 (TU0)

Chemical Composition (Typical)

Element	Composition Range (wt.%)	Key Role
Copper (Cu)	≥99.9	Provides high electrical and thermal conductivity
Oxygen (O)	0.02–0.05	Contributes to the formation of copper oxide layer for improved corrosion resistance
Other Elements	≤0.05	Residual elements with minimal impact on properties

Physical Properties

Property	Value (Typical)	Test Standard/Condition
Density	8.96 g/cm³	ASTM B311
Melting Point	1083°C	ASTM E29
Thermal Conductivity	398 W/m·K at 20°C	ASTM E1952
Electrical Conductivity	100% IACS at 20°C	ASTM B193
Coefficient of Expansion	16.5 µm/m·°C	ASTM E228
Specific Heat Capacity	385 J/kg·K	ASTM E1269
Elastic Modulus	110 GPa	ASTM E111

Mechanical Properties (Annealed Temper)

Property	Value (Typical)	Test Standard
Tensile Strength	210–300 MPa	ASTM E8/E8M – full-section test specimens
Yield Strength (0.2%)	160–230 MPa	ASTM E8/E8M – offset method
Elongation	35–50%	ASTM E8/E8M – gauge length = 50 mm
Hardness	40–80 HB	ASTM E10 – Brinell hardness, 10 mm ball/500 kg load
Fatigue Strength	~200 MPa	ASTM E466 – rotating bending fatigue at 10⁷ cycles
Impact Resistance	Moderate	ASTM E23 – Notched, room temperature

Note: These values are typical for annealed Copper C110 (TU0) and can vary based on specific processing conditions.

Key Characteristics of Copper C110 (TU0)

Exceptional Electrical Conductivity (100% IACS)

Copper C110 (TU0) offers the highest electrical conductivity, making it ideal for power distribution and electrical components that require minimal resistance and high efficiency.

High Thermal Conductivity (398 W/m·K)

With excellent thermal conductivity, Copper C110 (TU0) efficiently transfers heat, making it suitable for heat exchangers and components that require effective cooling or heat dissipation.

Corrosion Resistance

Copper C110 (TU0) exhibits good resistance to corrosion, especially in atmospheric and industrial environments. Its natural oxide layer offers additional protection, ensuring longevity in various applications.

Workability and Ductility

Copper C110 (TU0) is highly workable, with excellent ductility that allows it to be easily formed, drawn, and stamped without cracking. This makes it ideal for CNC machining and precision parts manufacturing.

Non-Magnetic and Stable Performance

As a non-magnetic material, Copper C110 (TU0) is ideal for sensitive electrical components. It also retains its strength and conductivity at high temperatures, stabilizing it in extreme conditions.

CNC Machining Challenges and Solutions for Copper C110 (TU0)

Machining Challenges

Work Hardening

Copper C110 (TU0) can work hard during machining, increasing its hardness and making it harder to machine.

Solution: Use sharp tools with positive rake angles and low cutting speeds to prevent excessive work hardening. Proper coolant application can also reduce heat buildup.

Chip Formation

Copper C110 (TU0) produces long chips that may become difficult to manage, potentially interfering with the machining process.

Solution: Use chip breakers and maintain a steady coolant flow to facilitate efficient chip removal and prevent tool damage.

Tool Wear

Despite being relatively soft compared to other metals, Copper C110 (TU0) can cause tool wear if machining at high speeds without proper tooling.

Solution: Utilize carbide or high-speed steel tools with appropriate coatings (e.g., TiAlN) to reduce wear and extend tool life.

Optimized Machining Strategies

Tool Selection

Parameter	Recommendation	Rationale
Tool Material	Carbide tools with TiAlN coating	Reduces wear and extends tool life in tough materials
Geometry	Positive rake, sharp edges	Improves chip flow and prevents material buildup
Cutting Speed	250–350 m/min	Prevents excessive heating and enhances tool longevity
Feed Rate	0.10–0.20 mm/rev	Ensures smooth cutting and prevents material deformation
Coolant	Flood coolant or air blast	Reduces heat buildup and aids in chip removal

Copper C110 Cutting Parameters (ISO 513 Compliance)

Operation	Speed (m/min)	Feed (mm/rev)	Depth of Cut (mm)	Coolant Pressure (bar)
Roughing	200–300	0.15–0.25	2.0–4.0	25–40 (Flood coolant)
Finishing	300–350	0.05–0.10	0.5–1.0	30–50 (Flood coolant)

Typical Machining Services for Copper C110 (TU0)

Copper C110 (TU0) is ideal for various CNC machining processes that require high precision and excellent conductivity. Below are the typical machining services:

Machining Process	Suitability for Copper C110 (TU0)
CNC Machining	Ideal for producing electrical connectors, busbars, and intricate parts with high conductivity requirements
CNC Milling	Suitable for machining flat surfaces, pockets, and complex shapes that require fine detail
CNC Turning	Excellent for producing cylindrical parts such as rods, tubes, and connectors
CNC Drilling	Ideal for creating precise holes with minimal burr formation
CNC Boring	Perfect for enlarging holes with tight tolerances and a smooth surface finish
CNC Grinding	Achieves superior surface finishes on parts with high dimensional precision
Multi-Axis Machining	Enables complex, multi-feature parts to be machined in a single setup, ensuring higher accuracy
Precision Machining	Provides extremely tight tolerances for critical components used in high-performance systems
EDM Machining	Ideal for intricate parts with fine details that would be difficult to machine with traditional methods

Surface Treatment for Copper C110 CNC Parts

Electroplating: Enhances wear resistance and corrosion protection by applying a thin coating of metals such as nickel, silver, or gold.
Polishing: Achieves a smooth, reflective finish that enhances the appearance and functionality of electrical components.
Brushing: Produces a matte finish that reduces surface glare while maintaining a high-quality finish for visible components.
PVD Coating: Offers superior wear and corrosion resistance and an attractive color finish for aesthetic parts.
Passivation: Enhances corrosion resistance by removing impurities from the surface.
Powder Coating: Provides durable protection from wear and environmental factors for parts exposed to harsh conditions.
Teflon Coating: Ideal for parts requiring chemical resistance and low friction surfaces.
Chrome Plating: Adds durability, enhances wear resistance, and provides a shiny, corrosion-resistant finish.

Industry Applications of Copper C110 (TU0)

Electrical & Power Distribution: Copper C110 (TU0) is used for connectors, electrical contacts, and high-performance busbars where both strength and electrical conductivity are crucial.
Aerospace & Defense: Ideal for high-stress components like connectors, landing gear, and actuators in aerospace applications.
Automotive: Used for high-performance electrical connectors, terminals, and other components in electric and hybrid vehicles.
Consumer Electronics: Precision components such as heat sinks, connectors, and springs for consumer electronics requiring high conductivity and reliability.

FAQs

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