Copper C151 (Tellurium Copper)
Introduction to Copper C151 (Tellurium Copper)
Copper C151, also known as Tellurium Copper, is an alloy that combines copper with a small percentage of tellurium to improve its machinability while maintaining excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. This alloy is widely used in applications that require precision and performance, especially in industries that demand high-quality electrical connections and heat transfer systems. Copper C151 is ideal for CNC machining services where both conductivity and ease of machining are essential.
Copper C151 stands out among copper alloys due to its superior machinability, making it ideal for mass production of intricate electrical components while maintaining excellent conductivity and strength compared to other copper alloys.
This copper alloy is highly valued in tthe elecommunications, electrical, and aerospace industries. CNC machined Copper C151 parts are commonly used for electrical contacts, connectors, and components in high-performance applications, providing both reliability and durability.
Chemical, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of Copper C151 (Tellurium Copper)
Chemical Composition (Typical)
Element | Composition Range (wt.%) | Key Role |
|---|---|---|
Copper (Cu) | 99.0% | Ensures high electrical and thermal conductivity |
Tellurium (Te) | 0.3–0.6% | Improves machinability without sacrificing conductivity |
Other Elements | ≤0.1% | Residual elements with minimal impact on properties |
Physical Properties
Property | Value (Typical) | Test Standard/Condition |
|---|---|---|
Density | 8.92 g/cm³ | ASTM B311 |
Melting Point | 1,083°C | ASTM E29 |
Thermal Conductivity | 220 W/m·K at 20°C | ASTM E1952 |
Electrical Conductivity | 75% IACS at 20°C | ASTM B193 |
Coefficient of Expansion | 17.5 µm/m·°C | ASTM E228 |
Specific Heat Capacity | 380 J/kg·K | ASTM E1269 |
Elastic Modulus | 110 GPa | ASTM E111 |
Mechanical Properties (Annealed Temper)
Property | Value (Typical) | Test Standard |
|---|---|---|
Tensile Strength | 350–450 MPa | ASTM E8/E8M |
Yield Strength (0.2%) | 250–350 MPa | ASTM E8/E8M |
Elongation | 15–20% | ASTM E8/E8M |
Hardness | 60–80 HB | ASTM E10 |
Fatigue Strength | ~180 MPa | ASTM E466 |
Impact Resistance | Good | ASTM E23 |
Note: These values are typical for annealed Copper C151 and can vary based on specific processing conditions.
Key Characteristics of Copper C151 (Tellurium Copper)
Excellent Machinability
Copper C151 is specifically designed for high-speed machining with reduced tool wear, making it ideal for precision parts.
High Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
Copper C151 offers 75% IACS electrical conductivity and good thermal conductivity, suitable for electrical contacts and power distribution.
Increased Strength and Durability
The tellurium addition enhances strength, improving wear resistance and making it suitable for applications exposed to mechanical stress.
Good Corrosion Resistance
Copper C151 demonstrates resistance to corrosion in most industrial environments, making it ideal for components exposed to moisture and mild acids.
Ideal for High-Volume Production
With excellent machinability, Copper C151 is an ideal material for mass production of electrical components and connectors.
CNC Machining Challenges and Solutions for Copper C151 (Tellurium Copper)
Machining Challenges
Tellurium Content and Chip Formation
The tellurium in Copper C151 may cause long, stringy chips, which can affect machining efficiency.
Solution: Use chip breakers and increase coolant flow to prevent chip tangling and ensure smooth operation.
Tool Wear
The alloy’s strength can cause tool wear during high-speed machining.
Solution: Use carbide or TiN-coated tools, and monitor cutting speeds to reduce wear and extend tool life.
Work Hardening
Copper C151 can work-harden during machining, leading to difficulties in further processing.
Solution: Employ moderate cutting speeds and use sharp, high-quality tools with effective coolant to avoid work hardening.
Optimized Machining Strategies
Tool Selection
Parameter | Recommendation | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
Tool Material | Carbide tools with TiN coating | Enhances tool life and reduces wear |
Geometry | Positive rake, sharp edges | Improves chip flow and reduces material buildup |
Cutting Speed | 100–180 m/min | Prevents excessive heating and maintains tool longevity |
Feed Rate | 0.10–0.20 mm/rev | Ensures smooth cutting and reduces risk of work hardening |
Coolant | Flood coolant or air blast | Helps reduce heat buildup and aids in chip removal |
Copper C151 Cutting Parameters (ISO 513 Compliance)
Operation | Speed (m/min) | Feed (mm/rev) | Depth of Cut (mm) | Coolant Pressure (bar) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Roughing | 100–150 | 0.12–0.18 | 2.0–3.0 | 25–40 |
Finishing | 150–200 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.5–1.0 | 30–50 |
Key Features and Applications for Copper C151 (Tellurium Copper)
Machining Process | Function and Benefit for Copper C151 (Tellurium Copper) |
|---|---|
Achieves ±0.01 mm precision for high-speed, high-accuracy electrical components. | |
Ideal for producing complex features, such as slots and grooves, in power distribution parts. | |
Suitable for producing cylindrical components like electrical connectors with tight tolerances. | |
Processes holes with up to 10 times hole diameter ratio for reliable electrical connections. | |
Achieves tight tolerances and smooth finishes for tubes and electrical housings. | |
Provides excellent surface finishes with tight tolerances for electrical parts. | |
Ideal for producing complex, high-precision parts with 3D features and intricate geometries. | |
Delivers ultra-tight tolerances and smooth finishes required for electrical connectors and switchgear. | |
Used for fine features and micro components like contacts and precision connectors. |
Surface Treatment for Copper C151 CNC Parts
Electroplating: Adds a 5–10 µm nickel coating for enhanced corrosion resistance in electrical connectors.
Polishing: Achieves smooth, glossy finishes with Ra 0.2–0.4 µm for optimal conductivity and aesthetic appeal.
Brushing: Provides a satin finish with uniform texture for mechanical and decorative parts.
PVD Coating: Adds a durable, 2–5 µm coating to protect against wear and corrosion.
Passivation: Enhances corrosion resistance by up to 30%, prolonging part longevity in harsh environments.
Powder Coating: Provides a 50–100 µm protective coating for durability and enhanced UV resistance.
Teflon Coating: Adds a low friction, chemical-resistant layer ideal for sliding components.
Chrome Plating: Adds a shiny, durable finish (10–20 µm thickness) for corrosion protection and high-load applications.
Industry Applications of Copper C151 (Tellurium Copper)
Aerospace Industry: Copper C151 (Tellurium Copper) produces high-performance electrical contacts and connectors in avionics.
Electrical & Power: Ideal for electrical switches, busbars, and high-current components requiring conductivity and machinability.
Automotive Industry: Used for connectors and terminals in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid systems, offering enhanced conductivity and durability.
FAQs
What is the advantage of using Copper C151 in high-precision electrical applications?
How does Copper C151 compare to other copper alloys in terms of machinability?
Can Copper C151 be used for automotive electrical connectors?
What are the best surface treatments for Copper C151 to enhance its properties?
How does Copper C151 perform in high-temperature environments?
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