Stainless Steel SUS410
Introduction to Stainless Steel SUS410: Martensitic Alloy with High Strength
Stainless Steel SUS410 is a martensitic stainless steel alloy that offers a good balance of high strength, moderate corrosion resistance, and weldability. With a composition that typically includes 11.5–13.5% chromium, SUS410 is designed for applications that require corrosion resistance, strength, and the ability to retain hardness. While it is not as corrosion-resistant as austenitic stainless steels like SUS304 or SUS316, SUS410 is an excellent choice for environments where moderate corrosion resistance and high strength are needed.
SUS410 is commonly used in applications like valve components, shafts, and fasteners, where hardness and strength are more critical than extreme corrosion resistance. CNC machining of SUS410 involves using carbide tools for its hardness and ensuring proper cooling to maintain accuracy and prevent tool wear. At Neway, CNC-machined SUS410 parts are produced to meet tight tolerances and high precision standards for demanding applications.
SUS410 Stainless Steel: Key Properties and Composition
SUS410 Stainless Steel Chemical Composition
Element | Composition (wt%) | Role/Impact |
|---|---|---|
Carbon (C) | ≤0.15% | Low carbon content ensures good weldability while maintaining strength. |
Manganese (Mn) | 0.60–0.90% | Enhances toughness and strength, especially at room and high temperatures. |
Chromium (Cr) | 11.5–13.5% | Provides resistance to oxidation and corrosion, particularly in mild environments. |
Nickel (Ni) | ≤0.75% | Improves ductility and toughness. |
Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.04% | Improves machinability and helps reduce surface defects during machining. |
Sulfur (S) | ≤0.03% | Improves chip formation and machinability. |
SUS410 Stainless Steel Physical Properties
Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Density | 7.75 g/cm³ | Typical for martensitic stainless steels. |
Melting Point | 1,400–1,530°C | Suitable for high-temperature applications but with moderate resistance to oxidation. |
Thermal Conductivity | 26.4 W/m·K | Higher thermal conductivity compared to austenitic steels. |
Electrical Resistivity | 7.6×10⁻⁷ Ω·m | Low electrical conductivity, suitable for non-electrical components. |
SUS410 Stainless Steel Mechanical Properties
Property | Value | Testing Standard/Condition |
|---|---|---|
Tensile Strength | 620–800 MPa | ASTM A240/A240M standard |
Yield Strength | 450–550 MPa | Suitable for structural applications requiring high strength. |
Elongation (50mm gauge) | 15–25% | Adequate ductility for forming and shaping parts. |
Brinell Hardness | 200–250 HB | Achieved in a quenched and tempered state, offering high hardness. |
Machinability Rating | 60% (vs. 1212 steel at 100%) | Moderate machinability due to the material’s hardness. |
Key Characteristics of SUS410 Stainless Steel: Benefits and Comparisons
SUS410 stainless steel is ideal for applications that balance strength, hardness, and moderate corrosion resistance. Below is a technical comparison highlighting its unique advantages over similar materials like SUS304 Stainless Steel, SUS316 Stainless Steel, and SUS430 Stainless Steel.
1. Strength and Hardness
Unique Trait: SUS410 provides high strength and hardness, which is ideal for parts that must withstand mechanical stress and wear.
Comparison:
vs. SUS304 Stainless Steel: SUS410 has higher strength and hardness compared to SUS304, which is more ductile but weaker.
vs. SUS316 Stainless Steel: SUS316 has better corrosion resistance, but SUS410 is stronger and harder.
vs. SUS430 Stainless Steel: SUS430 has a lower strength and hardness compared to SUS410, but it offers better corrosion resistance at a lower cost.
2. Corrosion Resistance
Unique Trait: SUS410 offers moderate resistance to corrosion and oxidation, making it suitable for environments with low corrosion potential.
Comparison:
vs. SUS304 Stainless Steel: SUS304 offers better corrosion resistance than SUS410, especially in chloride-rich environments.
vs. SUS316 Stainless Steel: SUS316 provides superior corrosion resistance, particularly in marine and acidic environments, but is not as strong as SUS410.
vs. SUS430 Stainless Steel: SUS430 offers better corrosion resistance than SUS410, particularly in mildly corrosive environments.
3. Weldability
Unique Trait: SUS410 can be welded effectively, but it may require preheating to avoid cracking due to its martensitic structure.
Comparison:
vs. SUS304 Stainless Steel: SUS304 has better weldability than SUS410, making it easier to weld without cracking.
vs. SUS316 Stainless Steel: SUS316 has better weldability than SUS410 due to its lower carbon content and more stable austenitic structure.
vs. SUS430 Stainless Steel: SUS430 has moderate weldability but lacks the strength of SUS410 after welding.
4. Cost-Effectiveness
Unique Trait: SUS410 is a cost-effective alloy that balances strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance for applications with moderate environmental exposure.
Comparison:
vs. SUS304 Stainless Steel: SUS304 is more expensive due to its superior corrosion resistance but lacks the hardness of SUS410.
vs. SUS316 Stainless Steel: SUS316 is more expensive than SUS410 due to its enhanced corrosion resistance in harsh environments.
vs. SUS430 Stainless Steel: SUS430 is more economical than SUS410 but offers lower strength and hardness.
CNC Machining Challenges and Solutions for SUS410 Stainless Steel
Machining Challenges and Solutions
Challenge | Root Cause | Solution |
|---|---|---|
Work Hardening | Martensitic structure and high hardness | Use carbide tools with TiN coatings to improve tool life. |
Surface Roughness | Low carbon content and ductility | Optimize feed rates and use high-speed tools for smoother finishes. |
Tool Wear | Hardness and strength | Use high-performance tool coatings like TiAlN for reduced wear. |
Dimensional Inaccuracy | Stresses from machining | Perform stress-relief annealing to reduce dimensional variations and improve precision. |
Chip Control Issues | Long, stringy chips | Use high-pressure coolant and optimize tool geometry to break chips. |
Optimized Machining Strategies
Strategy | Implementation | Benefit |
|---|---|---|
High-Speed Machining | Spindle speed: 1,200–1,800 RPM | Increases productivity and reduces heat buildup. |
Climb Milling | Cutting in the direction of tool rotation | Improves surface finish (Ra 1.6–3.2 µm). |
Toolpath Optimization | Use trochoidal milling for deep pockets | Reduces cutting forces, minimizing part deflection. |
Stress-Relief Annealing | Preheat to 650°C for 1 hour per inch | Minimizes residual stress and improves machining accuracy. |
Cutting Parameters for SUS410 Stainless Steel
Operation | Tool Type | Spindle Speed (RPM) | Feed Rate (mm/rev) | Depth of Cut (mm) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rough Milling | 4-flute carbide end mill | 1,000–1,500 | 0.15–0.25 | 2.0–4.0 | Use coolant to prevent work hardening. |
Finish Milling | 2-flute carbide end mill | 1,500–2,000 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.5–1.0 | Climb milling for smoother finishes (Ra 1.6–3.2 µm). |
Drilling | 135° split-point HSS drill | 600–800 | 0.10–0.15 | Full hole depth | Peck drilling for precise hole formation. |
Turning | CBN or coated carbide insert | 500–700 | 0.20–0.30 | 1.5–3.0 | Dry machining is acceptable with air blast cooling. |
Surface Treatments for CNC Machined SUS410 Stainless Steel Parts
Electroplating: Adds a corrosion-resistant metallic layer, extending part life in humid environments and improving strength.
Polishing: Enhances the surface finish, providing a smooth, shiny appearance ideal for visible components.
Brushing: Creates a satin or matte finish, masking minor surface defects and improving aesthetic quality for architectural components.
PVD Coating: Boosts wear resistance, increasing tool life and part longevity in high-contact environments.
Passivation: Creates a protective oxide layer, enhancing corrosion resistance in mild environments without altering dimensions.
Powder Coating: Offers high durability, UV resistance, and a smooth finish, ideal for outdoor and automotive parts.
Teflon Coating: Provides non-stick and chemical-resistant properties, ideal for food processing and chemical handling components.
Chrome Plating: Adds a shiny, durable finish that enhances corrosion resistance, commonly used in automotive and tooling applications.
Black Oxide: Provides a corrosion-resistant black finish, ideal for parts in low-corrosion environments like gears and fasteners.
Industry Applications of CNC Machined SUS410 Stainless Steel Parts
Automotive Industry
Exhaust Systems: SUS410’s strength and moderate corrosion resistance are ideal for exhaust components and catalytic converters.
Industrial Equipment
Valve Components: SUS410 is commonly used in valves and other critical components exposed to moderate wear and corrosion.
Power Generation
Turbine Parts: SUS410’s ability to retain hardness at high temperatures makes it suitable for turbine components.
Technical FAQs: CNC Machined SUS410 Stainless Steel Parts & Services
How does SUS410 compare to SUS304 in terms of corrosion resistance?
What is the best welding technique for SUS410 stainless steel?
Can SUS410 be used for food-grade applications?
How does SUS410 perform in high-temperature environments compared to other stainless steels?
What post-processing techniques are recommended for improving SUS410’s surface finish?
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