Inconel Alloys | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
690 | 250 | 260 | 40 | 90-100 | 8.47 | Heat exchangers, turbine blades, furnace components | |
825 | 550 | 300 | 35 | 95-105 | 8.95 | Gas turbines, aerospace components, power plants | |
880 | 340 | 290 | 35 | 90-100 | 8.44 | Marine, aerospace, chemical processing | |
860 | 400 | 350 | 32 | 95-105 | 8.89 | Nuclear power, heat exchangers, industrial furnaces | |
760 | 350 | 300 | 25 | 90-100 | 8.70 | Gas turbines, high-temperature applications | |
780 | 400 | 320 | 24 | 95-105 | 8.73 | Turbine blades, combustor components | |
800 | 420 | 330 | 22 | 100-110 | 8.75 | Aerospace turbine components, industrial engines | |
1030 | 725 | 500 | 20 | 40-45 | 8.19 | Aerospace, cryogenic tanks, gas turbines | |
1050 | 760 | 510 | 18 | 45-50 | 8.19 | High-performance turbines, aerospace applications | |
1060 | 770 | 520 | 18 | 45-50 | 8.20 | Aerospace components, high-temperature alloys | |
1030 | 600 | 470 | 15 | 100-110 | 8.25 | High-temperature turbine blades, combustion chambers | |
1100 | 750 | 520 | 12 | 100-110 | 8.30 | Gas turbine blades, aerospace engines | |
1050 | 720 | 500 | 14 | 105-115 | 8.32 | Gas turbines, aerospace applications | |
1100 | 760 | 550 | 12 | 100-110 | 8.18 | High-temperature industrial applications, gas turbines | |
1150 | 800 | 570 | 10 | 110-120 | 8.16 | Aerospace components, turbine blades | |
600 | 250 | 220 | 40 | 80-90 | 7.94 | Heat exchangers, industrial furnaces | |
650 | 300 | 250 | 35 | 85-95 | 7.98 | Heat exchangers, petrochemical applications | |
750 | 350 | 280 | 30 | 90-100 | 8.01 | High-temperature reactors, industrial heat exchangers | |
900 | 550 | 400 | 25 | 90-100 | 8.40 | Chemical processing, marine environments | |
950 | 650 | 500 | 22 | 95-105 | 8.30 | Gas turbine blades, high-performance engines | |
1035 | 690 | 490 | 20 | 95-105 | 8.40 | Gas turbines, aerospace engines, nuclear reactors | |
Monel Alloy | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
550-760 | 170-345 | 250-345 | 30-45 | 20-30 | 8.8 | Marine environments, chemical processing equipment, pumps, valves, fasteners | |
585-755 | 170-310 | 230-345 | 25-35 | 20-30 | 8.9 | Corrosive environments, saltwater applications, heat exchangers | |
570-740 | 170-300 | 220-330 | 28-40 | 25-30 | 8.8 | Marine, chemical, food processing applications, pumps, valves, and heat exchangers | |
620-810 | 280-400 | 260-370 | 15-30 | 30-35 | 8.9 | Chemical processing, marine applications, seawater desalination systems | |
1030-1300 | 690-1030 | 350-500 | 15-30 | 35-45 | 8.8 | Aerospace, marine, valves and pump components, cryogenic tanks, high-strength structural parts | |
550-760 | 170-345 | 230-345 | 30-40 | 20-30 | 8.9 | Used for marine and chemical applications, heat exchangers, equipment exposed to severe corrosion conditions | |
Hastelloy Alloy | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
550 | 240 | 200 | 30 | 55-75 | 8.89 | Chemical processing equipment, acid-resistant components, corrosive fluid handling systems | |
550 | 240 | 200 | 30 | 55-75 | 8.89 | Chemical reactors, piping for acids, desalination plants | |
585 | 250 | 210 | 35 | 55-80 | 8.89 | Strong acid handling, acid-resistant tanks, heat exchangers | |
620 | 275 | 250 | 40 | 85 | 8.89 | High-temperature gas turbines, heat exchangers, chemical reactors | |
760 | 310 | 270 | 50 | 90 | 8.89 | Process equipment in chemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical industries | |
800 | 330 | 300 | 50 | 90 | 8.89 | Chemical reactors, food processing equipment, high-temperature acid environments | |
860 | 350 | 300 | 50 | 90 | 8.89 | Petrochemical processing, marine environments, flue gas desulfurization systems | |
800 | 320 | 270 | 45 | 90 | 8.85 | Power generation, desalination, acid-resistant pumps and valves | |
Stellite Alloys | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
1,200 | 900 | 800 | 2 | 40-45 | 8.30 | Valve seats, Pumps, Bearings, High-wear applications in chemical processing | |
1,100 | 850 | 700 | 4 | 40-45 | 8.33 | Valve components, Pumps, Wear-resistant parts in high-temperature environments | |
1,200 | 950 | 850 | 3 | 45-50 | 8.35 | Valve seats, Combustion chambers, High-wear components in aerospace and power generation | |
1,100 | 850 | 800 | 5 | 45-50 | 8.35 | Hard-facing of tools, Valve components, Wear-resistant parts in high-wear environments | |
1,150 | 900 | 850 | 4 | 45-50 | 8.36 | Valve seats, Pumps, Wear-resistant parts in high-pressure and high-temperature applications | |
1,150 | 900 | 850 | 4 | 50-55 | 8.35 | Cutting tools, Hard-facing, Wear-resistant applications in aerospace and industrial applications | |
1,100 | 850 | 700 | 5 | 40-45 | 8.35 | Hard-facing of tools, Chemical processing, Marine components | |
1,150 | 900 | 750 | 6 | 45-50 | 8.38 | Hard-facing of bearings, Engine components, Aerospace parts exposed to high temperature and wear | |
1,150 | 900 | 750 | 6 | 45-50 | 8.38 | Valves, Bearings, Pumps, Components in harsh wear conditions | |
1,250 | 950 | 800 | 3 | 50-55 | 8.40 | High-temperature wear-resistant coatings, Cutting tools, Valve seats | |
1,300 | 1,100 | 900 | 2 | 55-60 | 8.45 | Severe wear environments, High-pressure valve components, Tooling | |
1,150 | 900 | 800 | 5 | 50-55 | 8.35 | Hard-facing for pumps and valves, Marine components, High-wear machinery | |
1,200 | 950 | 850 | 4 | 45-50 | 8.36 | Valve components, Hard-facing applications in high-temperature environments | |
Nimonic Alloys | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
930 | 490 | 410 | 25 | 35-40 | 8.25 | Gas turbines, High-temperature components in aerospace, Engine blades | |
1000 | 550 | 460 | 30 | 40-45 | 8.28 | Aircraft engine components, Heat exchangers, Turbine blades | |
1030 | 550 | 480 | 28 | 40-45 | 8.25 | Jet engines, Aerospace components, High-temperature gas turbines | |
1100 | 600 | 510 | 35 | 45-50 | 8.23 | Jet engine components, Turbine blades, High-temperature power generation | |
1200 | 650 | 550 | 30 | 50-55 | 8.23 | High-performance turbine blades, Aerospace, Gas turbines | |
1100 | 600 | 500 | 28 | 45-50 | 8.30 | Gas turbine components, High-temperature applications, Aerospace | |
1150 | 700 | 600 | 35 | 50-55 | 8.31 | Aircraft engines, Turbine blades, High-temperature corrosion-resistant components | |
1300 | 900 | 750 | 30 | 55-60 | 8.33 | Gas turbines, Aircraft engines, Components exposed to extreme temperatures and high stresses | |
1370 | 950 | 800 | 30 | 55-60 | 8.38 | High-performance turbine blades, Gas turbine engines, Aerospace engines | |
1350 | 900 | 750 | 28 | 55-60 | 8.36 | Aerospace, Gas turbines, High-temperature valve components | |
1450 | 1000 | 850 | 32 | 60 | 8.38 | Jet engines, Turbine blades, Aerospace and high-performance power generation systems | |
Rene Alloys | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
1300 | 1050 | 900 | 20 | 45-50 | 8.34 | High-temperature turbine blades, Aerospace components, Gas turbines, Jet engine parts | |
1350 | 1100 | 950 | 18 | 50-55 | 8.35 | Gas turbines, Aircraft engine components, High-temperature applications with excellent creep resistance | |
1400 | 1150 | 1000 | 15 | 55-60 | 8.37 | Jet engine components, Aerospace applications, High-stress turbine blades | |
1250 | 1000 | 850 | 22 | 45-50 | 8.31 | High-temperature gas turbine components, Aerospace, Military and industrial applications | |
1450 | 1200 | 1050 | 18 | 60-65 | 8.38 | Aircraft turbine blades, Aerospace engines, High-stress applications requiring thermal stability | |
1500 | 1250 | 1100 | 18 | 65 | 8.40 | Jet engines, Turbine blades, High-temperature and high-stress components in aerospace and power systems | |
1550 | 1300 | 1150 | 17 | 65-70 | 8.42 | Gas turbines, Aerospace engines, Exhaust components, High-performance turbine blades | |
1600 | 1350 | 1200 | 15 | 70 | 8.43 | High-temperature turbine blades, Aerospace engines, Components for extreme thermal and mechanical loads | |
1650 | 1400 | 1250 | 14 | 70-75 | 8.45 | High-performance turbine components, Aerospace engines, Extreme temperature and load-bearing applications | |
1700 | 1450 | 1300 | 12 | 75 | 8.47 | Jet engines, Gas turbine blades, Extreme high-temperature applications | |
1750 | 1500 | 1350 | 11 | 75 | 8.48 | Aerospace, Jet engine components, High-temperature power generation systems | |
Aluminum Alloys | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
240-310 | 150-275 | 95-125 | 10-20 | 40-45 | 2.70 | Aerospace, automotive, marine, structural components | |
210-240 | 140-160 | 90-110 | 10-15 | 40-45 | 2.70 | Architectural, window frames, irrigation tubing, extrusions | |
500-570 | 430-510 | 180-230 | 7-11 | 60-65 | 2.81 | Aerospace, military, high-performance applications (aircraft wings, fuselage) | |
570-640 | 505-570 | 230-300 | 5-8 | 65-70 | 2.81 | Aerospace, military, aircraft structures, marine | |
310-350 | 275-310 | 120-150 | 10-15 | 40-45 | 2.70 | Aerospace, marine, automotive, structural components | |
470-500 | 350-420 | 150-190 | 3-10 | 50-55 | 2.78 | Aerospace (aircraft fuselage, wings), military | |
210-230 | 193-240 | 90-110 | 12-20 | 40-45 | 2.68 | Marine, fuel tanks, chemical processing, pressure vessels, truck tanks | |
310-350 | 220-260 | 150-180 | 10-20 | 50-55 | 2.66 | Marine, shipbuilding, offshore, transportation, oil & gas industries | |
110-155 | 45-105 | 40-70 | 20-30 | 30-40 | 2.70 | Decorative, food processing, electrical components, chemical equipment | |
300-350 | 240-290 | 100-150 | 8-15 | 45-50 | 2.77 | Structural applications, bridges, cranes, transportation equipment | |
210-300 | 160-250 | 80-120 | 4-10 | 45-50 | 2.70 | Automotive die-casting (engine parts, transmission components) | |
290-310 | 200-250 | 80-100 | 8-12 | 45-50 | 2.80 | Precision machining, electronics, tight tolerance parts | |
110-130 | 30-55 | 25-40 | 20-25 | 25-30 | 2.70 | Electrical conductors, chemical applications, decorative uses | |
310-380 | 210-270 | 120-180 | 10-15 | 55-60 | 2.66 | Marine applications, heavy-duty offshore equipment, fuel tanks | |
160-220 | 110-150 | 40-60 | 15-20 | 35-40 | 2.73 | Roofing, siding, rain-carrying goods, tanks, HVAC equipment | |
220-280 | 150-190 | 90-120 | 8-12 | 40-45 | 2.70 | Heat exchangers, automotive applications, marine components | |
505-570 | 430-510 | 180-230 | 7-10 | 65-70 | 2.81 | Aerospace, military, aircraft fuselage, wing structures | |
310-350 | 220-260 | 150-180 | 10-15 | 50-55 | 2.66 | Marine structures, shipbuilding, offshore platforms | |
470-500 | 350-420 | 150-190 | 3-10 | 50-55 | 2.78 | Aerospace, military (aircraft parts, engine components) | |
115-145 | 45-85 | 20-40 | 18-25 | 25-30 | 2.73 | Home appliances, roofing, storage tanks, cooking utensils | |
190-240 | 140-180 | 80-110 | 10-20 | 35-40 | 2.70 | Architectural frames, scaffolding, window frames, structural applications | |
600-660 | 520-580 | 230-300 | 5-8 | 65-70 | 2.81 | Aerospace, high-performance aircraft, spacecraft components | |
310-350 | 220-260 | 150-180 | 10-15 | 50-55 | 2.66 | Marine, shipbuilding, offshore industries | |
105-135 | 30-55 | 25-40 | 20-25 | 25-30 | 2.70 | Decorative, signage, food processing, heat exchangers | |
Brass Alloys | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
550 - 700 | 240 - 310 | 160 - 210 | 40 - 45 | 50 - 60 | 8.4 | Plumbing fittings, electrical connectors, fasteners | |
350 - 550 | 130 - 220 | 100 - 150 | 20 - 30 | 45 - 55 | 8.5 | Valve bodies, fittings, pumps | |
550 - 750 | 240 - 320 | 180 - 240 | 30 - 40 | 55 - 60 | 8.5 | Electrical connectors, gears, automotive components | |
200 - 300 | 70 - 120 | 40 - 80 | 25 - 40 | 50 - 60 | 8.3 | Jewelry, decorative components, musical instruments | |
250 - 400 | 100 - 160 | 80 - 120 | 20 - 30 | 45 - 50 | 8.5 | Electrical contacts, hardware, plumbing | |
275 - 380 | 100 - 180 | 70 - 100 | 25 - 35 | 40 - 50 | 8.5 | Coins, musical instruments, industrial parts | |
700 - 900 | 400 - 500 | 300 - 400 | 15 - 25 | 50 - 60 | 8.7 | Marine hardware, automotive components | |
700 - 800 | 400 - 500 | 350 - 400 | 20 - 25 | 50 - 55 | 8.7 | Aerospace, automotive, marine applications | |
600 - 800 | 250 - 300 | 150 - 200 | 30 - 40 | 45 - 55 | 8.4 | Electrical components, precision instrumentation | |
200 - 300 | 80 - 120 | 50 - 100 | 25 - 35 | 45 - 50 | 8.3 | Plumbing, fittings, electrical connectors | |
350 - 450 | 150 - 250 | 100 - 200 | 20 - 30 | 50 - 60 | 8.4 | Marine, electrical, and plumbing components | |
400 - 500 | 180 - 250 | 120 - 200 | 25 - 35 | 45 - 55 | 8.5 | Automotive, electrical, industrial components | |
550 - 650 | 250 - 350 | 150 - 200 | 30 - 40 | 50 - 60 | 8.5 | Pumps, valves, fittings | |
600 - 700 | 250 - 350 | 180 - 250 | 30 - 40 | 50 - 60 | 8.6 | Electrical connectors, valve components | |
600 - 700 | 300 - 400 | 250 - 300 | 20 - 30 | 50 - 60 | 8.4 | Marine and electrical applications | |
550 - 700 | 240 - 310 | 160 - 210 | 40 - 45 | 50 - 60 | 8.4 | Plumbing fittings, electrical connectors, fasteners | |
650 - 750 | 350 - 450 | 200 - 300 | 25 - 35 | 50 - 60 | 8.5 | Electrical connectors, automotive components | |
650 - 800 | 350 - 450 | 250 - 300 | 30 - 40 | 50 - 60 | 8.6 | Automotive, electrical, marine applications | |
300 - 500 | 150 - 250 | 120 - 180 | 20 - 30 | 45 - 50 | 8.3 | Electrical, plumbing, decorative components | |
400 - 550 | 200 - 300 | 150 - 220 | 20 - 30 | 50 - 55 | 8.4 | Electrical, marine, industrial components | |
Bronze Alloys | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
500-800 | 300-450 | 250-300 | 15-20 | 30-35 | 8.8 | Electrical connectors, springs, musical instruments | |
550-800 | 400-600 | 300-350 | 10-15 | 35-40 | 8.8 | Bearings, bushings, high-performance springs | |
480-650 | 300-450 | 250-300 | 12-18 | 30-35 | 8.8 | Marine hardware, bearings, bushings | |
500-700 | 350-500 | 250-300 | 12-18 | 30-35 | 8.9 | Pump components, gears, valve stems, electrical connectors | |
620-830 | 380-690 | 280-340 | 15-25 | 30-45 | 7.6 | Heavy-duty applications, pump parts, gears, marine hardware | |
690-880 | 450-650 | 300-350 | 10-20 | 35-45 | 7.6 | Marine components, pumps, heavy-duty machinery | |
600-800 | 400-600 | 250-300 | 15-20 | 30-35 | 8.3 | Bearings, bushings, gears | |
210-300 | 140-220 | 100-160 | 10-15 | 35-40 | 8.4 | Plumbing fittings, faucets, bushings | |
600-900 | 400-700 | 300-350 | 15-20 | 30-40 | 8.5 | Marine hardware, automotive parts, pump shafts | |
620-850 | 400-650 | 280-340 | 12-20 | 30-45 | 7.7 | Aircraft components, marine components, valves | |
450-650 | 300-450 | 200-250 | 10-15 | 30-35 | 8.8 | Bearings, bushings, valve components | |
450-620 | 280-500 | 200-300 | 15-25 | 35-40 | 8.9 | Marine hardware, electrical components, architectural applications | |
450-600 | 250-400 | 150-200 | 20-30 | 40-45 | 8.7 | Marine components, propeller shafts, fittings, bushings | |
500-700 | 300-500 | 250-300 | 15-20 | 35-40 | 8.8 | Automotive components, valves, and pump parts | |
300-400 | 180-300 | 150-200 | 10-20 | 35-40 | 8.6 | Bearings, bushings, low-load mechanical components | |
700-900 | 400-700 | 250-350 | 12-20 | 35-40 | 8.8 | Marine components, valves, pump parts | |
300-400 | 180-300 | 150-200 | 15-25 | 35-40 | 8.5 | Bearings, bushings, electrical connectors | |
Copper Alloys | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
210–250 | 35–70 | 40–55 | 30–50 | 40–45 | 8.92 | Electrical connectors, heat exchangers, electronic components | |
230–280 | 45–90 | 50–65 | 30–45 | 45–50 | 8.96 | Electrical conductors, power generation, bus bars | |
220–270 | 50–90 | 45–60 | 25–40 | 45–50 | 8.96 | Conductors, heat exchangers, brazing | |
210–270 | 40–70 | 50–60 | 30–45 | 45–50 | 8.96 | Electrical wiring, power generation, telecommunication | |
690–1000 | 450–650 | 350–500 | 2–10 | 30–35 | 8.3 | Aerospace, electrical contacts, tooling | |
250–300 | 60–90 | 50–65 | 25–45 | 45–50 | 8.96 | High-end electronics, semiconductor manufacturing, welding | |
300–550 | 150–300 | 150–250 | 25–40 | 55–70 | 8.47 | Plumbing fittings, electrical components, decorative hardware | |
700–900 | 350–500 | 200–300 | 5–10 | 25–30 | 8.92 | Electrical connectors, springs, high-performance components | |
550–700 | 250–400 | 300–400 | 5–10 | 35–40 | 8.9 | Electrical contacts, tooling, aerospace components | |
250–350 | 70–150 | 100–150 | 25–40 | 40–55 | 8.55 | Plumbing fittings, gears, electrical parts | |
340–460 | 130–230 | 150–200 | 20–30 | 35–45 | 8.9 | Electrical contacts, precision components, aerospace | |
1000–1200 | 700–900 | 500–700 | 3–6 | 35–45 | 8.3 | Aerospace, electrical connectors, high-strength springs | |
800–1000 | 350–550 | 250–350 | 5–10 | 25–30 | 8.92 | Electrical connectors, power distribution, military applications | |
600–800 | 250–400 | 200–300 | 10–25 | 35–50 | 8.8 | Electrical contacts, springs, bearings | |
600–750 | 250–400 | 200–300 | 5–10 | 40–55 | 8.8 | Electrical connectors, bearings, industrial components | |
210–270 | 60–90 | 50–60 | 30–45 | 40–45 | 8.96 | Power generation, electrical wiring, telecommunications | |
800–1000 | 400–600 | 300–450 | 10–15 | 40–50 | 8.9 | Marine hardware, aerospace, industrial machinery | |
600–800 | 250–400 | 200–300 | 10–25 | 40–50 | 8.8 | Marine applications, turbine blades, industrial components | |
400–600 | 150–300 | 150–200 | 20–35 | 35–45 | 8.7 | Musical instruments, jewelry, decorative hardware | |
550–750 | 250–400 | 200–300 | 15–25 | 35–45 | 8.9 | Marine applications, heat exchangers, desalination plants | |
Titanium Alloys | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
300-480 | 240-380 | 350 | 20-25 | 30-35 | 4.51 | Aerospace components, Chemical processing, Marine applications | |
400-550 | 275-480 | 400 | 18-22 | 32-36 | 4.51 | Aircraft structure parts, Marine applications, Heat exchangers | |
900-1200 | 800-1000 | 550 | 10-15 | 38-42 | 4.43 | Aerospace, Medical implants, High-performance automotive parts | |
1100-1300 | 1000-1200 | 700 | 15-20 | 35-40 | 4.57 | Aerospace, Gas turbines, High-temperature structural parts | |
900-1100 | 800-1000 | 550 | 15-20 | 35-40 | 4.46 | Aerospace, Marine, Chemical industries | |
800-950 | 700-850 | 500 | 18-22 | 30-35 | 4.43 | Aerospace, Pressure vessels, High-strength industrial applications | |
950-1100 | 850-1000 | 600 | 15-20 | 35-40 | 4.45 | Aerospace, Medical implants, Chemical and marine applications | |
600-850 | 500-700 | 450 | 20-25 | 30-35 | 4.43 | Aerospace, Chemical processing, Marine applications | |
1200-1400 | 1000-1200 | 700 | 10-15 | 40-45 | 4.47 | Aerospace, Military applications, Gas turbine components | |
1000-1200 | 900-1100 | 600 | 12-18 | 35-40 | 4.48 | Aerospace, Marine, High-temperature components | |
1200-1400 | 1000-1200 | 700 | 15-20 | 38-42 | 4.48 | Aerospace, Pressure vessels, High-stress applications | |
900-1100 | 850-1000 | 550 | 20-25 | 38-42 | 4.43 | Medical implants, Aerospace, Cryogenic applications | |
950-1100 | 800-950 | 600 | 18-22 | 35-40 | 4.43 | Aerospace, Military, Marine, and structural applications | |
1100-1300 | 1000-1200 | 700 | 15-20 | 35-40 | 4.56 | Aerospace, Gas turbines, Structural components | |
1000-1200 | 900-1100 | 600 | 10-15 | 35-40 | 4.47 | Aerospace, Military, High-performance applications | |
600-800 | 500-700 | 400 | 25-30 | 30-35 | 4.43 | Aerospace, Marine applications, Automotive components | |
700-900 | 600-800 | 500 | 20-25 | 32-36 | 4.44 | Aerospace, Marine, Automotive, and general structural applications | |
Carbon Steel | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
370 - 700 | 295 - 420 | 220 - 380 | 15 - 20 | 55 - 75 | 7.87 | Automotive parts, shafts, gears | |
410 - 650 | 350 - 460 | 210 - 380 | 20 - 25 | 55 - 75 | 7.87 | Structural components, bolts, fasteners | |
450 - 700 | 400 - 520 | 220 - 380 | 20 - 25 | 60 - 80 | 7.87 | Agricultural machinery, automotive parts, frame components | |
600 - 900 | 450 - 600 | 230 - 400 | 12 - 20 | 60 - 80 | 7.85 | Shafts, gears, crankshafts | |
650 - 900 | 500 - 600 | 250 - 400 | 8 - 12 | 60 - 85 | 7.85 | Knife blades, axles, industrial tools | |
600 - 850 | 450 - 600 | 250 - 400 | 12 - 18 | 60 - 85 | 7.85 | Structural parts, gears, shafts, pistons | |
550 - 700 | 350 - 460 | 200 - 350 | 28 - 35 | 55 - 75 | 7.85 | High-volume machining, bolts, fasteners | |
600 - 850 | 460 - 700 | 350 - 500 | 15 - 20 | 28 - 32 | 7.85 | Aerospace components, aircraft frames, automotive roll cages | |
680 - 900 | 450 - 750 | 350 - 500 | 12 - 18 | 28 - 38 | 7.85 | Tooling, automotive components, gears, crankshafts | |
750 - 1000 | 580 - 850 | 400 - 650 | 10 - 15 | 35 - 45 | 7.85 | Aircraft landing gear, gears, crankshafts, high-performance automotive parts | |
600 - 800 | 450 - 650 | 300 - 450 | 12 - 15 | 30 - 35 | 7.85 | Automotive components, axles, gears | |
400 - 550 | 250 - 400 | 200 - 300 | 20 - 25 | 50 - 70 | 7.85 | Structural steel, bridges, construction components | |
450 - 550 | 380 - 460 | 200 - 300 | 25 - 30 | 50 - 70 | 7.85 | High-volume machining, fasteners, precision parts | |
1000 - 1300 | 800 - 1200 | 500 - 900 | 5 - 10 | 55 - 65 | 7.85 | Molds, dies, tooling, stamping tools | |
500 - 1100 | 350 - 900 | 300 - 600 | 12 - 18 | 40 - 50 | 7.85 | Heavy machinery, automotive parts, industrial tools | |
850 - 1200 | 700 - 950 | 500 - 700 | 5 - 10 | 60 - 65 | 7.85 | Cutting tools, chisel blades, industrial cutting applications | |
900 - 1300 | 700 - 1000 | 500 - 800 | 6 - 12 | 50 - 60 | 7.85 | Springs, clips, structural parts with high elasticity | |
800 - 1200 | 600 - 1000 | 500 - 800 | 5 - 8 | 60 - 70 | 7.85 | Cutting tools, drills, milling cutters | |
400 - 600 | 300 - 450 | 150 - 250 | 20 - 30 | 40 - 60 | 7.85 | Automotive components, structural beams, consumer goods | |
700 - 1000 | 500 - 700 | 400 - 600 | 5 - 10 | 60 - 65 | 7.85 | Bearings, gears, rolling elements, industrial machinery | |
350 - 450 | 200 - 300 | 150 - 250 | 25 - 35 | 50 - 60 | 7.85 | Sheet metal applications, automotive components | |
Stainless Steel | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
515-750 | 275-480 | 200-300 | 35-45 | 18-22 | 7.93 | Automotive parts, kitchen appliances, industrial equipment | |
500-700 | 215-310 | 150-250 | 35-50 | 18-22 | 7.85 | Fasteners, bolts, nuts, fittings | |
520-720 | 215-505 | 200-300 | 40-60 | 18-22 | 7.93 | Food processing, medical devices, general-purpose applications | |
580-720 | 240-510 | 250-350 | 40-55 | 18-22 | 7.98 | Marine environments, chemical processing, pharmaceutical equipment | |
500-690 | 200-480 | 220-330 | 40-55 | 18-22 | 7.98 | Medical implants, chemical processing, food industry | |
600-850 | 450-650 | 250-350 | 15-25 | 50-55 | 7.75 | Surgical instruments, knives, bearings | |
450-600 | 220-380 | 150-200 | 25-30 | 25-30 | 7.70 | Automotive trim, kitchen appliances, heating elements | |
600-750 | 400-600 | 200-300 | 20-35 | 45-50 | 7.80 | Shafts, valve components, marine applications | |
750-1050 | 620-850 | 300-400 | 10-15 | 55-60 | 7.75 | Ball bearings, valves, high-precision tools | |
1000-1300 | 900-1150 | 450-600 | 10-15 | 40-45 | 7.75 | Aerospace, oil & gas, marine components | |
510-700 | 205-480 | 200-300 | 45-60 | 18-22 | 7.93 | Food & beverage, pharmaceuticals, chemical processing | |
620-860 | 290-450 | 250-350 | 30-45 | 20-25 | 8.00 | Furnace parts, heat exchangers, high-temperature applications | |
650-950 | 310-600 | 250-400 | 35-50 | 20-25 | 8.00 | Furnace parts, kilns, high-temperature equipment | |
580-800 | 240-500 | 300-400 | 30-45 | 20-25 | 8.03 | Marine environments, chemical reactors, food processing | |
520-750 | 230-500 | 250-350 | 35-45 | 20-25 | 7.93 | High-temperature applications, cryogenic tanks, exhaust systems | |
550-750 | 250-450 | 150-250 | 20-30 | 45-50 | 7.75 | Turbine blades, knives, precision parts | |
700-900 | 480-620 | 250-350 | 10-20 | 50-55 | 7.75 | Knife blades, ball bearings, high-precision tools | |
520-790 | 220-500 | 250-350 | 40-50 | 22-24 | 8.00 | Chemical processing, pollution control, marine environments | |
700-950 | 450-700 | 300-450 | 25-35 | 30-35 | 7.80 | Offshore rigs, pipelines, storage tanks | |
Plastics | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
40-70 | 30-55 | 10-20 | 5-30 | 10-20 | 1.04-1.08 | Automotive parts, consumer electronics, housings | |
70-90 | 50-75 | 30-50 | 20-200 | 80-85 | 1.13-1.15 | Gears, bearings, automotive components | |
60-80 | 50-70 | 30-45 | 15-25 | 90-92 | 1.41-1.42 | Precision gears, bushings, bearings | |
30-40 | 20-30 | 5-15 | 200-300 | 45-50 | 0.93-0.97 | Conveyor parts, chute liners, non-stick surfaces | |
20-30 | 10-20 | 5-10 | 200-300 | 50-60 | 2.13-2.20 | Chemical processing, seals, gaskets | |
60-70 | 55-65 | 20-30 | 120-150 | 120-130 | 1.20-1.22 | Optical lenses, automotive lighting, protective covers | |
20-40 | 10-20 | 5-10 | 500-800 | 60-70 | 0.92-0.97 | Packaging, piping systems, insulation | |
40-60 | 30-50 | 10-20 | 5-40 | 85-90 | 1.30-1.40 | Plumbing, electrical applications, signage | |
90-100 | 80-90 | 50-70 | 30-50 | 90-95 | 1.30-1.40 | Aerospace, automotive, medical implants | |
70-90 | 60-75 | 30-50 | 15-25 | 90-92 | 1.41-1.42 | Precision parts, automotive components, gears | |
30-50 | 25-40 | 10-20 | 200-300 | 60-70 | 0.90-0.91 | Packaging, automotive, medical devices | |
100-180 | 90-160 | 70-100 | 30-100 | 80-90 | 1.42-1.43 | Aerospace, electronics, high-temperature applications | |
60-80 | 50-70 | 25-40 | 5-20 | 80-85 | 1.32-1.35 | Automotive parts, textiles, wear-resistant components | |
30-60 | 25-45 | 10-20 | 2-5 | 80-90 | 1.04-1.06 | Consumer products, medical devices, packaging | |
20-40 | 15-25 | 5-15 | 100-500 | 45-50 | 0.90-1.20 | Automotive seals, gaskets, medical devices | |
50-70 | 40-60 | 15-30 | 50-150 | 90-95 | 1.10-1.25 | Wheels, seals, industrial machinery | |
60-80 | 50-60 | 20-30 | 5-10 | 80-85 | 1.12-1.14 | Automotive interiors, consumer goods, electronic enclosures | |
20-30 | 10-20 | 5-10 | 200-300 | 50-60 | 2.10-2.15 | Electrical insulation, seals, gaskets | |
60-80 | 50-60 | 20-30 | 5-10 | 80-85 | 1.04-1.06 | Consumer goods, medical devices, optical components | |
90-120 | 80-100 | 60-80 | 30-50 | 85-95 | 1.27-1.32 | Aerospace, automotive, medical devices | |
20-30 | 10-20 | 5-10 | 200-300 | 50-60 | 2.13-2.20 | Electrical insulation, seals, gaskets | |
60-70 | 55-65 | 20-30 | 5-10 | 80-85 | 1.18-1.20 | Displays, lenses, optical applications | |
60-80 | 50-60 | 30-50 | 10-25 | 85-90 | 1.76-1.80 | Tanks, piping, valves, chemical processing | |
50-70 | 40-60 | 15-25 | 10-20 | 80-85 | 1.05-1.08 | Automotive, electronics, consumer goods | |
25-40 | 20-35 | 10-15 | 300-500 | 60-70 | 0.94-0.97 | Pipes, tanks, containers, outdoor applications | |
Ceramics | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Fatigue Strength | Elongation | Hardness | Density | Applications |
100-1400 | 900-1200 | 200-400 | 0.1-0.3 | 12-13 | 5.6-6.1 | Dental crowns, oxygen sensors, fuel cell components, wear-resistant parts | |
250-400 | 200-350 | 100-150 | 0.1-0.2 | 15-20 | 3.7-4.0 | Electrical insulators, cutting tools, bearings, seals | |
900-1400 | 800-1200 | 200-600 | 2-3 | 25-30 | 3.1-3.2 | Turbine components, mechanical seals, bearings, aerospace parts | |
400-800 | 300-500 | 100-250 | 0.1-0.5 | 15-20 | 3.2-3.3 | Semiconductor packaging, heat sinks, circuit boards, power electronics | |
400-600 | 300-500 | 200-500 | 0.1-0.3 | 25-30 | 3.1-3.2 | Brake discs, clutches, industrial pumps, power electronics | |
200-350 | 150-250 | 50-150 | 1-2 | 20-25 | 2.3-2.4 | Heat exchangers, crucibles, molds, aerospace components, semiconductor applications |